https://www.spokesciences.com/news daily 0.75 2024-07-25 https://www.spokesciences.com/news/spoke-acquires-snac monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://www.spokesciences.com/news/isocap-patent-published monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://www.spokesciences.com/news/series2-funding monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://www.spokesciences.com/news/ben-franklin-funding monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://www.spokesciences.com/news/lab-opens monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://www.spokesciences.com/news/spoke-hires-cso monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://www.spokesciences.com/education daily 0.75 2025-01-16 https://www.spokesciences.com/education/caffeine-alternatives-6-sources-of-energy monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/bbfe1610-bff5-494b-887a-25f718c80a55/Spokes+sciences++caffeine+coffee+beans.jpg Education - Caffeine Alternatives: Natural Ingredients for Energy - A Growing Demand for Caffeine Alternatives A little caffeine isn’t bad for you, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has noted that overconsumption of caffeine can have serious downsides, including: Increased heart rate and/or heart palpitations High blood pressure, jitters, and/or anxiety Insomnia or sleep disruptions Nausea and/or upset stomach Intractable headaches There are also, of course, a few individuals who have been urged to avoid caffeine if possible, including those who have heart conditions, high blood pressure, or who are pregnant. Fortunately, this is where the caffeine alternatives come into play, offering energy through a different form and often a different internal pathway. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/predictions-2025 monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/4f869fae-7d62-42d6-83eb-6000bc3bf435/Spokes+sciences++memory+brain.jpg Education - 4 Spokes Predictions for 2025: Consumers Embrace Advanced Nutrition - 2. Nootropic Demand Will Also Rise Among the Older Population A demographic where nootropics can also be expected to continue a sharp rise in growth is among seniors. Cognitive decline impacts an increasing percentage of U.S. adults as the population ages and faces other challenges subsequent to the global COVID-19 pandemic. According to the study Brain Ageing, Cognition and Diet: A Review of the Emerging Roles of Food-Based Nootropics in Mitigating Age-Related Memory Decline, observational and interventional studies have demonstrated diets that prevent or mitigate age-related cognitive decline contain large quantities of vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants. The same article reports that some of these foods may also contain natural nootropic factors like ginkgo biloba, which is thought to directly improve cognition thanks to the way it impacts specific brain regions, including parietal, temporal, frontal, and occipital lobes, as well as the hippocampus. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/benefits-of-sunlight-beyond-vitamin-d monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/47dba897-c2c1-4e54-8fb8-43569aceb934/Spokes+sciences++more+benefits+of+sunlight.jpg Education - It's Not Just About Vitamin D: The Benefits of Sunlight - Better Sleep Sunlight exposure regulates the circadian rhythms (natural cycles that dictate sleep-wake patterns). People who get enough sunlight during the day have increased serotonin levels in the brain. Serotonin is a hormone that makes people feel happier and promotes a sense of well-being. When daylight fades to darkness, the serotonin is changed into melatonin, a hormone that promotes better sleep. Adequate daylight exposure can help reset the internal clock, leading to an easier time falling asleep, an easier time staying asleep, longer sleep duration, and higher sleep quality. Weight Loss Research on rats suggests that sunlight can promote weight management. Exposure to sunlight has been linked to improved circulation, which can enhance metabolic processes. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/hop-terpenes-for-beer monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/7cdd6c2b-489c-4d59-8c7b-9bebb26c2d10/Spokes+sciences++hops+and+terpenes.jpg Education - Hop Terpenes: Liquid Gold for Brewers - What are Hop Terpenes? Terpenes are chemical compounds found in nearly all plants and that have a distinct effect on how they taste and smell. In the hops plant, terpenes are particularly concentrated and varied, contributing to the distinct flavor profiles of different styles of beers. By adjusting the amount and type of hop terpenes in your beer, you can develop signature flavors and aromas. Creating terpene-infused beers can take a once ordinary ale or lager and give them new and improved profiles consumers will love and come back for again and again. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/chemicals-in-food monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/7bb802e6-8347-47d1-b492-a4531701e1c3/Spokes+sciences++Chemicals+in+food.jpg Education - Chemicals Aren't Bad. It's All Just Chemistry - The ABCs of Chemicals in Food: Apples, Bananas, and Cheetos Chemicals, natural or not, are in everything we consume. Being a chemical doesn't inherently make it bad, nor does it make it toxic. Apples are just a collection of chemicals in an apple shape. Bananas are a whole different combination of chemicals in a banana shape. Cheetos are yet another pile of chemicals in Cheeto shape, complete with their signature orange dust. Even humans can be thought of as a skin bag of chemicals. But wait. Apples and pears grow on trees. They are “natural.” Cheetos aren’t. Is that due to “unnatural” chemicals? Sure, some artificial chemicals are formulated into Cheetos to enhance taste and keep the dust from clumping up in the bag. Will those chemicals “poison” you? Let’s look at that for a minute. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/what-does-coq10-do-for-the-heart monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://www.spokesciences.com/education/formulating-the-best-liquid-vitamin-k2-supplement monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/567687fd-c1a8-4a57-bad5-c423f427806e/Spokes+Sciences++vitamin+K1+%26+K2+molecules.jpg Education - Formulating the Best Liquid Vitamin K2 Supplement: A Novel Solution - Mechanisms of Action Vitamin K exists primarily in two forms: phylloquinone (K1), found in green leafy vegetables, and menaquinone (K2), produced by gut bacteria and found in nattō. Its main role is to help activate certain proteins by inducing a small structural change called ‘carboxylation.’ This process, done by an enzyme that relies on vitamin K, allows proteins to work properly. For example, in joints, vitamin K can help prevent calcification (hardening) and may boost the production of type II collagen. Interestingly, there appear to be some differences in the pharmacology of vitamin K1 and K2. Vitamin K1 primarily aids in blood coagulation, while vitamin K2 also does this in addition to playing crucial roles in bone health, cardiovascular health, and calcium metabolism above and beyond K1. K2 helps to transport calcium to bones and teeth, preventing its deposition in soft tissues like arteries, which is linked to heart disease. Additionally, K2 has a longer half-life in the body, allowing it to exert its effects more effectively over time. Overall, K1 is essential for clotting, whereas K2 supports broader health benefits. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/lutein-for-eyes-a-new-functional-ingredient monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/ae73f6de-0d46-4e5b-936b-52a7f606d0c0/Spokes+Sciences+Lutein+molecule.jpg Education - Lutein: A New Functional Ingredient for Eye Health - What Is Lutein? Molecular structure of lutein (source: Wikipedia) https://www.spokesciences.com/education/home-to-make-water-soluable-cannabinoids monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/05dd8d36-5404-4b56-ac81-a1be14b8f6df/Spokes+sciences+cannabinoids+tincture+bottle.jpg Education - How To Make Water-Soluble Cannabinoids: Product Development Solutions - Cannabinoid Chemical Properties Cannabinoids are a diverse group of chemical compounds primarily found in the cannabis plant. They generally consist of a phenolic structure and a long aliphatic (C-3) side chain. Cannabinoids can exist in various isomeric forms, influencing their pharmacological effects. Several major cannabinoids exist as acidic precursors (like THCA and CBDA) that require decarboxylation (removal of a carboxyl group) to become active compounds. These chemical properties are crucial in how cannabinoids interact with the body, affecting their therapeutic applications and effectiveness. Are cannabinoids water soluble? Many popular cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), and cannabichromene (CBC), have limited water solubility, binding to fat molecules more readily instead. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/ageless-ingredient-pterostilbene monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/48400947-6a43-4c11-bee2-c8b44e88b826/Spokes+sciences+Pterostilbene+supplement.jpg Education - The New Ageless Ingredient: Formulating Pterostilbene Products and Supplements - Pterostilbene vs. Resveratrol Both resveratrol and pterostilbene are monomeric stilbenes, which means they are single-unit compounds from the stilbene family, which have notable potential antioxidant and health-promoting properties. Resveratrol has three hydroxyl (−OH) groups, while pterostilbene has one −OH and two methoxy (–OCH3) groups. Red grapes and red wines are the main dietary sources of resveratrol. Dietary pterostilbene is found in greater quantities in blueberries, nuts, and grape foliage. Resveratrol and pterostilbene display pharmacological properties, primarily in the areas of antioxidant activity, anti-aging benefits, and inflammatory balance. Pterostilbene possesses different pharmacological properties than resveratrol due to its two –OCH3 groups, which make it more lipophilic for stronger membrane permeability and biological potency. Pterostilbene may outperform resveratrol in several key areas. It exhibits higher bioavailability, better oral absorption, and greater stability than resveratrol. Animal studies indicate that pterostilbene has approximately 80 percent bioavailability, while resveratrol's bioavailability is around 20%. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/formulating-vitamin-e-is-it-water-soluble monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/95336f3d-c47f-459e-9db0-7bb5429730cc/Spokes+sciences+Vitamin+E+molecule.png Education - Formulating with Vitamin E: Is Vitamin E Water Soluble? Ball-and-stick model of a vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) molecule, C11H8O2, as found in the crystal structure reported in Int. J. Pharm. (2021) 592, 120057 and CSD entry OPUHAL. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/increase-bioavailability-functional-ingredients monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/1720642156909-13OFWQUEV87AF58XPHFE/ezgif-7-ae9690e41b.gif Education - Functional Ingredient Bioavailability and Strategies to Overcome the Challenges - What 3 Factors Alter Bioavailability? The main three factors that impact a nutrient’s bioavailability include its: Physicochemical properties (ex., solubility) Formulation (ex., tablets, capsules, solutions) Route of administration (ex., oral, sublingual, topical, etc.) When it comes to a nutrient’s physicochemical properties, solubility is a major factor affecting a supplement’s bioavailability. For instance, hydrophilic (water-soluble) and lipophilic (fat-soluble) nutrients have different paths of absorption. Hydrophilic nutrients typically require more complex processes to be absorbed, involving breakdown and transportation through the aqueous environment of the digestive tract before reaching the bloodstream. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/formulating-dietary-resveratrol-supplements monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/7c57b4d8-c478-4825-ac88-437d67c6b9bb/Spokes+sciences+dietary+resveratrol+supplement+2+%282%29.jpg Education - The Benefit of a Dietary Resveratrol Supplement, and Considerations for Formulating - What is Resveratrol? Resveratrol is a plant compound with antioxidant properties belonging to the polyphenol group known as stilbenoids. It naturally occurs in the skin and seeds of red grapes and is also found in other foods and drinks such as red wine, blueberries, and cranberries. While resveratrol is most commonly distributed as a topical treatment to regenerate skin cells, dietary supplements offer a more concentrated dose. However, these supplements may not be absorbed as easily as naturally occurring resveratrol. Most research and testing on the health benefits of resveratrol have been conducted on animals, with limited studies on its nutritional benefits for humans. As demand for resveratrol grows, further research is needed to fully understand its potential benefits. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/liquid-vitamin-d-best-for-absorption monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/fafa763c-00c8-4b4d-843e-ed2e632836e9/Spokes+sciences+liquid+D+molecule.jpg Education - Liquid Vitamin D: Developing the Best Form of Vitamin D for Absorption Vitamin D chemical structure, up close. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/the-future-of-2024-farm-bill-hemp monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/1e88dc89-deac-460c-a525-6ea61ad16f8e/Spokes+sciences+Hemp+Farm+Bill.jpg Education - The Future of Hemp: A Look at the Latest Developments - In 2018, the passage of the farm bill legalized the cultivation, production, and sale of hemp, provided it contains less than 0.3% THC by dry weight https://www.spokesciences.com/education/liquid-vitamin-a-bioavailable-forms monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/230ff539-e8cc-408f-a866-523489a45aec/Spokes+sciences+retinol.jpg Education - Liquid Vitamin A: What is the Most Bioavailable Form of Vitamin A? - Vitamin A and the Human Body Vitamin A is one of the most important vitamins humans can ingest for good health. Vitamin A is essential to strong immune function and organ health. Preformed vitamin A that is naturally occurring is most commonly found in foods like salmon, leafy green vegetables, and organ meats. Vitamin A comes in two forms for human ingestion: preformed vitamin A (retinol) found in the foods listed above, and provitamin A carotenoids, such as beta-carotene. Provitamin A carotenoids are then converted into retinol in the intestine. For example, one molecule of beta-carotene produces two molecules of retinol or two “vitamin A equivalents.” https://www.spokesciences.com/education/common-natural-surfactants monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/1720642156916-OCJPG0KCH9RAWY4PW93U/IsoCaps-still4.jpg Education - 11 Commonly Used Surfactants in Food and Beverage - Polysorbates Properties: Polysorbates are emulsifiers derived from sorbitol and ethylene oxide. They enhance the stability of emulsions by improving the solubility of oils in water-based products. Commonly Used In: Polysorbates are widely used in ice creams, salad dressings, and baked goods for their ability to maintain texture and prevent oil separation. Certain polysorbates also have unique qualities for emulsifying oily compounds in beverages. Certification: Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) Want that smooth, creamy texture in a perfect scoop of ice cream? Then you want polysorbates. Polysorbates ensure consistent quality and texture in common products like ice creams and dressings. When used in ice cream, they help keep ice cream from melting. Polysorbate 80 is also widely used for emulsifying flavored beverages, particularly those containing oils (e.g., citrus oils in soft drinks). It is one of the surfactants we have explored in our Spoke Sciences IsoCaps™ formulations to help stabilize poorly water-soluble compounds. It currently is used in the CBD IsoCaps featured in Curēous™ Beverages. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/entourage-effect-topicals monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/105c90d7-2eb2-489f-94ae-8fad3e72c21e/Spokes+sciences+entourage+effect.jpg Education - The Entourage Effect with CBD: Are There Full spectrum Benefits for Topicals? - What Is the Entourage Effect? In 1998, Professors Raphael Mechoulam and Shimon Ben-Shabat proposed that the endocannabinoid system experiences an "entourage effect," where various "inactive" metabolites and related molecules significantly boost the activity of the main endogenous cannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol). This theory also suggested that botanical compounds are often more effective than their isolated components. Although single-molecule synthesis remains the dominant model in pharmaceutical development, current research is examining evidence of botanical synergy. When it comes to cannabis, this means exploring the contributions of minor cannabinoids and perhaps even terpenes. But of course, as this theory has shifted from scientific theory into public consciousness, it has also lost some nuance. Although this theory is applied widely as a marketing tactic, especially for full-spectrum CBD products, the entourage effect remains just a hypothesis based on preliminary research. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/supplements-heart-health monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/1720642156913-7ZR81J4V5OQOLQTZZWNP/IsoCaps-still2.jpg Education - Ingredient Strategy: 5 Popular Supplements for Heart Health - Make it stand out CoQ10 benefits for the heart include maintaining healthy blood pressure levels and supporting overall cardiovascular function. https://www.spokesciences.com/education/daily-dose-of-ubiquinone-coq10 monthly 0.5 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/668eea5388e7c752cfaa3dfe/1720642151546-HHCY57GOX351JIO7UPP7/Spokes+Sciences+Figure+1.jpg Education - The Best Way to Get Your Daily Dose of Ubiquinone (CoQ10) 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